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<title>Kannada script</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kannada script</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:navajowhite;">Kannada script<br><div style="font-weight:normal"><span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಕನ್ನಡ ಲಿಪಿ</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><div class="infobox-caption" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">A <a href="Stanza" title="Stanza">stanza</a> from <i><a href="Kavirajamarga" title="Kavirajamarga">Kavirajamarga</a></i> which praises the people for their literary skills, written in the Kannada script<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugida</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4th<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> century CE – present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a><br><a href="Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a><br><a href="Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a><br><a href="Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava</a><br><a href="Badaga_language" title="Badaga language">Badaga</a><br><a href="Beary_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Beary language">Beary</a><br><a href="Sankethi_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankethi dialect">Sanketi</a><br><a href="Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a><br><a href="Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian</a><ul><li><a href="Proto-Sinaitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic">Proto-Sinaitic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="Phoenician_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenician script">Phoenician</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="Aramaic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic script">Aramaic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="Kadamba_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadamba alphabet">Kadamba alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="Kannada-Telugu_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada-Telugu alphabet">Kannada-Telugu alphabet</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Kannada script</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Child systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a><sup id="cite_ref-goy_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sister systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">

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</style><span class="monospaced">Knda</span> <span class="monospaced">(345)</span>, Kannada</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Kannada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C80.pdf">U+0C80–U+0CFF</a></td></tr><tr></tr></tbody></table>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above">

The <a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a> and its descendants</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Northern Brahmic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a>

<ul><li><a href="La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Landa</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li>

<li><a href="Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li>

<li><a href="Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kamarupi_script" title="Kamarupi script">Kamarupi</a></li>

<li><a href="Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddham</a>

<ul><li><a href="N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a>

<ul><li><a href="Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li>

<li><a href="Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Gaudi_script" title="Gaudi script">Gaudi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali</a></li>

<li><a href="Assamese_alphabet" title="Assamese alphabet">Assamese</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li>

<li><a href="Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li>

<li><a href="Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a>

<ul><li><a href="Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li>

<li><a href="Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a>

<ul><li><a href="Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li>

<li><a href="Phagspa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Phagspa script">Phagspa</a>

<ul><li><a href="Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a>

<ul><li>Marchung</li>

<li>Pungs-chen</li>

<li>Pungs-chung</li>

<li>Drusha</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tamyig" title="Tamyig">Tamyig</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tocharian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tocharian alphabet">Tocharian</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Southern Brahmic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a>

<ul><li><a href="Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li>

<li><a href="Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li>

<li><a href="Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li>

<li><a href="Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a>

<li>Proto-Tai script<sup>?</sup>

<ul><li><a href="Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a>

<li><a href="Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a>

<ul><li><a href="Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li>

<li><a href="Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a></li>

<li><a href="Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li>

<li><a href="Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Incung_script" title="Incung script">Incung</a></li>

<li><a href="Lampung_script" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li>

<li><a href="Lembak_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lembak script">Lembak</a></li>

<li><a href="Pasemah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasemah script">Pasemah</a></li>

<li><a href="Rejang_alphabet" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a></li>

<li><a href="Serawai_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Serawai script">Serawai</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a>

<ul><li><a href="Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li>

<li><a href="Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Kulitan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulitan alphabet">Kulitan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Pwo_alphabet" title="Western Pwo alphabet">Western Pwo Karen</a></li>

<li><a href="S'gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">S'gaw Karen</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li>

<li><i>Lik-Tai scripts</i>

<li><a href="Khamti_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Khamti script">Khamti</a></li>

<li><a href="Mon_alphabet" title="Mon alphabet">Modern Mon</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li>

<li><a href="Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a>

<ul><li><a href="Telugu-Kannada_alphabet" title="Telugu-Kannada alphabet">Telugu-Kannada</a>

<ul><li><a href="Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<p>The <b>Kannada script</b> (<a href="IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i>Kannaḍa lipi</i>; obsolete: <b>Kanarese</b> or <b>Canarese</b> script in English) is an <a href="Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a> of the <a href="Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic family</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> used to write <a href="Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>, one of the <a href="Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian languages</a> of <a href="South_India" title="South India">South India</a> especially in the state of <a href="Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>. It is one of the <a href="Official_scripts_of_the_Indian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Official scripts of the Indian Republic">official scripts of the Indian Republic</a>. Kannada script is also widely used for writing <a href="Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> texts in Karnataka. Several minor languages, such as <a href="Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a>, <a href="Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>, <a href="Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava</a>, <a href="Beary_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Beary language">Beary</a> and <a href="Sankethi_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankethi dialect">Sanketi</a> also use alphabets based on the Kannada script.<sup id="cite_ref-konkani1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-konkani1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kannada and <a href="Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu scripts</a> share very high mutual intellegibility with each other,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are often considered to be regional variants of single script. Other scripts similar to Kannada script are <a href="Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala script</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which included some elements from the <a href="Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba script</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and Old <a href="Peguan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Peguan language">Peguan</a> script

(used in <a href="Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Kannada script (<span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ</span></span> <i>akṣaramāle</i> or <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆ</span></span> <i>varṇamāle</i>) is a <a href="Phonemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonemic">phonemic</a> abugida of forty-nine letters. The character set is almost identical to that of other <a href="Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a> or often known as Brahmi Lipi.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consonantal letters imply an <a href="Inherent_vowel" title="Inherent vowel">inherent vowel</a>. Letters representing consonants are combined to form digraphs <i>(</i><span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಒತ್ತಕ್ಷರ</span></span> <i>ottakṣara)</i> when there is no intervening vowel. Otherwise, each letter corresponds to a <a href="Syllable" title="Syllable">syllable</a>.

</p><p>The letters are classified into three categories: <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಸ್ವರ</span></span> <i>svara</i> (<a href="Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a>), <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ವ್ಯಂಜನ</span></span> <i>vyañjana</i> (<a href="Consonant" title="Consonant">consonants</a>), and <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಯೋಗವಾಹಕ</span></span> <i>yōgavāhaka</i> (<a href="Semiconsonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiconsonant">semiconsonants</a>).

</p><p>The Kannada words for a letter of the script are <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಅಕ್ಷರ</span></span> <i>akshara</i>, <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಅಕ್ಕರ</span></span> <i>akkara</i>, and <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ವರ್ಣ</span></span> <i>varṇa</i>. Each letter has its own form (<span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಆಕಾರ</span></span> <i>ākāra</i>) and sound (<span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಶಬ್ದ</span></span> <i>śabda</i>), providing the visible and audible representations, respectively. Kannada is written from left to right.<sup id="cite_ref-F._Kittel,_A_Grammar_of_the_Kannada_Language,_p_5_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F._Kittel,_A_Grammar_of_the_Kannada_Language,_p_5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Kannada script or the early <a href="Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba script</a> evolved from the Ashokan Brahmi script,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which later evolved into <a href="Telugu-Kannada_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Telugu-Kannada script">Kannada-Telugu script</a>, during the period of <a href="Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukyas</a> and later <a href="Eastern_Chalukyas" title="Eastern Chalukyas">Chalukyas of Vengi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kannada and Telugu scripts then separated by around 1300 C.E.<sup id="cite_ref-epigraphy_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epigraphy-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The 11th-century Persian scholar and polymath <a href="Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Al-Biruni</a> calls the Kannada script as <i>Karnata</i> alphabets used in <i><a href="Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnatadesa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Over the centuries some changes have been made to the Kannada script. These changes consist of:

</p>

<ol><li>Modification of existing glyphs: In the early Kannada script, no orthographic distinction was made between the short mid <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e,<span class="wrap"> </span>o]</span> <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಎ</span></span>, <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಒ</span></span> and long mid <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[eː,<span class="wrap"> </span>oː]</span> <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಏ</span></span>, <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಓ</span></span>. However, distinct signs were employed to denote the special consonants viz. the trill <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[r]</span> <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಱ</span></span> the retroflex lateral <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɭ]</span> <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಳ</span></span> and the retroflex rhotic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɻ]</span> <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ೞ</span></span>, by the 5th century.</li></ol>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vowels">Vowels</h2></div>

<p>There are thirteen vowel letters (<span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಸ್ವರ</span></span> <i>svara</i>) in modern Kannada.

The Kannada script is an <a href="Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a>, where when a vowel follows a consonant, it is written with a diacritic rather than as a separate letter. There are also three obsolete vowels, corresponding to vowels in Sanskrit.

</p><p>Written Kannada is composed of <a href="Akshara" title="Akshara">akshara</a> or <i>kagunita</i>, corresponding to syllables. The letters for consonants combine with diacritics for vowels. The consonant letter without any diacritic, such as <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಕ</span></span> <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Kannada language) transliteration"><i lang="kn-Latn">ka</i></span>, has the inherent vowel <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Kannada language) transliteration"><i lang="kn-Latn">a</i></span> <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಅ</span></span>. A consonant without a vowel is marked with a 'killer' stroke, such as <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಕ್</span></span> <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Kannada language) transliteration"><i lang="kn-Latn">k</i></span>. This silencing diacritic and process is known as <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಹಲಂತ</span></span> <a href="Virama" title="Virama"><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Kannada language) transliteration"><i lang="kn-Latn">halanta</i></span></a>, whereas the resulting letter is called an <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಅರ್ಧಾಕ್ಷರ</span></span> <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Kannada language) transliteration"><i lang="kn-Latn">ardhākshara</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">half letter</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Unicode_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unicode-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Kannada has a phonemic <a href="Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">vowel length</a> distinction, so like many other Brahmic scripts, the writing system has two sets of diacritics, one for short vowels and one for long vowels. Short vowels are referred to as <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಹ್ರಸ್ವ</span></span> <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Kannada language) transliteration"><i lang="kn-Latn">hrasva</i></span>, while long vowels are referred to as <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ದೀರ್ಘ</span></span> <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Kannada language) transliteration"><i lang="kn-Latn">dīrgha</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Unicode_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unicode-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<caption>Vowels with their corresponding diacritics and akshara with ಅ

</caption>

<th>Independent

</th>

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</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Diacritic template

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Diacritic with ದ

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">romanised: <i>padanaṟidu nuḍiyaluṁ nuḍiduda</i><br><i>naṟiyalumārparā nāḍavargaḷ</i><br><i>cadurar nijadiṁ kuritōdadeyuṁ</i><br><i>kāvyaprayōga pariṇatamatigaḷ</i></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-obs-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obs_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obs_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obs_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obs_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obs_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obs_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obs_23-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obs_23-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obs_23-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Obsolete in modern Kannada.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yōgavāha">Yōgavāha</h3></div>

<p>There are two <i>yōgavāha</i> (part-vowel, part consonant) letters, known as <i>ardhavisarga</i>, used in modern Kannada and two others used in <a href="Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transcription.

</p>

<caption>yōgavāha with their corresponding diacritics and akshara with ಅ and ದ

</caption>

<th>Diacritic template

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Diacritic with ಅ

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Diacritic with ದ

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<li id="cite_note-ardha-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ardha_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ardha_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ardha_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ardha_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Not used in modern Kannada, but used in Sanskrit transcription.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-kh-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kh_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Changes the sound of ಕ from k to kh.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ph-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ph_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Changes the sound of ಪ from p to ph, similar to the <i>f</i> in <i>fan</i> but without the lips touching the teeth.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consonant_letters">Consonant letters</h2></div>

<p>Two categories of consonant letters (<span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ವ್ಯಂಜನ</span></span> <i>vyan̄jana</i>) are defined in Kannada: the <b>structured consonants</b> and the <b>unstructured consonants</b>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structured_consonants">Structured consonants</h3></div>

<p>The structured consonants are classified according to their <a href="Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a>, that is, where the tongue touches the palate.

</p>

<caption>Structured consonants

</caption>

<th>

</th>

<th><a href="Voiceless" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless">voiceless</a>

</th>

<th>voiceless<br><a href="Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">aspirated</a>

</th>

<th><a href="Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a>

</th>

<th>voiced<br>aspirated

</th>

<th><a href="Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">velar</a>

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Palatal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal">palatal</a>

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Retroflex" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex">retroflex</a>

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dental</a>

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">labial</a>

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unstructured_consonants">Unstructured consonants</h3></div>

<p>The unstructured consonants are consonants that do not fall into any of the above structures:

</p>

<caption>Unstructured consonants

</caption>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<li id="cite_note-obs-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obs_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obs_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Obsolete in modern Kannada.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obsolete_Kannada_letters">Obsolete Kannada letters</h3></div>

<p>Kannada literary works employed the letters <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಱ</span></span> (transliterated '<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ṟ</i></span>' or 'rh') and <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ೞ</span></span> (transliterated '<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ḻ</i></span>', 'lh' or 'zh'), whose manner of articulation most plausibly could be akin to those in present-day <a href="Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> and <a href="Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>. The letters dropped out of use in the 12th and 18th centuries, respectively. Later Kannada works replaced 'rh' and 'lh' with <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ರ</span></span> (ra) and <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಳ</span></span> (la) respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-kannada_literature_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kannada_literature-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>It is still used to write the <a href="Badaga_language" title="Badaga language">Badaga language</a> and a vowel + virama + ḻ is used to transcribe its retroflex vowels.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Another letter (or unclassified <i>vyanjana</i> (consonant)) that has become extinct is 'nh' or 'inn'. <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"></span> Likewise, this has its equivalent in <a href="Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, where it is called <i>Nakaara pollu</i>. The usage of this consonant was observed until the 1980s in Kannada works from the mostly coastal areas of Karnataka (especially the <a href="Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada">Dakshina Kannada</a> district). Now, hardly any mainstream works use this consonant. This letter has been replaced by <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ನ್</span></span> (consonant n).

</p>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonant_conjuncts">Consonant conjuncts</h3></div>

<p>The Kannada script is rich in conjunct consonant clusters, with most consonants having a standard subjoined form and few true ligature clusters. A table of consonant conjuncts follows although the forms of individual conjuncts may differ according to the font.

</p><p>Of special note is the sequence concerning the letter <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ರ</span></span> (ra). Unlike other letters, the conjunct form is written second even if it is pronounced first in the sequence.

</p><p>For example, the /rnaː/ in the word <i>Karnāṭaka</i> (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ) is written ರ್ನಾ rather than ರ‍್ನಾ.

</p><p>The nasal consonants <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಙ</span></span> (ṅa), <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಞ</span></span> (ña), <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಣ</span></span> (ṇa), <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ನ</span></span> (na), and <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಮ</span></span> (ma) are usually written as an <a href="Anusvara" title="Anusvara">anusvara</a> <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಂ</span></span> when preceding another consonant rather than a consonant conjunct.

</p><p>For example, the /ŋg/ in the word <i>Beṅgaḷūru</i> (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is usually written <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಂಗ</span></span> rather than <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಙ್ಗ</span></span> (ಬೆಙ್ಗಳೂರು).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complete_list_of_consonant_conjuncts">Complete list of consonant conjuncts</h3></div>

<th>ೞ

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಕ

</th>

<td>ಕ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಖ

</th>

<td>ಖ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಗ

</th>

<td>ಗ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಘ

</th>

<td>ಘ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಙ

</th>

<td>ಙ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಚ

</th>

<td>ಚ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಛ

</th>

<td>ಛ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಜ

</th>

<td>ಜ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಝ

</th>

<td>ಝ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಞ

</th>

<td>ಞ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಟ

</th>

<td>ಟ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಠ

</th>

<td>ಠ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಡ

</th>

<td>ಡ್ಕ

</td>

<td>ಡ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಢ

</th>

<td>ಢ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಣ

</th>

<td>ಣ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ತ

</th>

<td>ತ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಥ

</th>

<td>ಥ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ದ

</th>

<td>ದ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಧ

</th>

<td>ಧ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ನ

</th>

<td>ನ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಪ

</th>

<td>ಪ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಫ

</th>

<td>ಫ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಬ

</th>

<td>ಬ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಭ

</th>

<td>ಭ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಮ

</th>

<td>ಮ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಯ

</th>

<td>ಯ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ರ

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಱ

</th>

<td>ಱ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಲ

</th>

<td>ಲ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ವ

</th>

<td>ವ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಶ

</th>

<td>ಶ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಷ

</th>

<td>ಷ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಸ

</th>

<td>ಸ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಹ

</th>

<td>ಹ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ಳ

</th>

<td>ಳ್ೞ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>ೞ

</th>

<td>ೞ್ೞ

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full_list_of_consonant_+_vowel_combinations">Full list of consonant + vowel combinations</h3></div>

<th>ಅ

</th>

<th>ಆ

</th>

<th>ಇ

</th>

<th>ಈ

</th>

<th>ಉ

</th>

<th>ಊ

</th>

<th>ಋ

</th>

<th>ೠ

</th>

<th>ಎ

</th>

<th>ಏ

</th>

<th>ಐ

</th>

<th>ಒ

</th>

<th>ಓ

</th>

<th>ಔ

</th>

<th>ಅಂ

</th>

<th>ಅಃ

</th>

<th>—

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಕ

</td>

<td>ಕಾ

</td>

<td>ಕಿ

</td>

<td>ಕೀ

</td>

<td>ಕು

</td>

<td>ಕೂ

</td>

<td>ಕೃ

</td>

<td>ಕೄ

</td>

<td>ಕೆ

</td>

<td>ಕೇ

</td>

<td>ಕೈ

</td>

<td>ಕೊ

</td>

<td>ಕೋ

</td>

<td>ಕೌ

</td>

<td>ಕಂ

</td>

<td>ಕಃ

</td>

<td>ಕ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಖ

</td>

<td>ಖಾ

</td>

<td>ಖಿ

</td>

<td>ಖೀ

</td>

<td>ಖು

</td>

<td>ಖೂ

</td>

<td>ಖೃ

</td>

<td>ಖೄ

</td>

<td>ಖೆ

</td>

<td>ಖೇ

</td>

<td>ಖೈ

</td>

<td>ಖೊ

</td>

<td>ಖೋ

</td>

<td>ಖೌ

</td>

<td>ಖಂ

</td>

<td>ಖಃ

</td>

<td>ಖ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಗ

</td>

<td>ಗಾ

</td>

<td>ಗಿ

</td>

<td>ಗೀ

</td>

<td>ಗು

</td>

<td>ಗೂ

</td>

<td>ಗೃ

</td>

<td>ಗೄ

</td>

<td>ಗೆ

</td>

<td>ಗೇ

</td>

<td>ಗೈ

</td>

<td>ಗೊ

</td>

<td>ಗೋ

</td>

<td>ಗೌ

</td>

<td>ಗಂ

</td>

<td>ಗಃ

</td>

<td>ಗ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಘ

</td>

<td>ಘಾ

</td>

<td>ಘಿ

</td>

<td>ಘೀ

</td>

<td>ಘು

</td>

<td>ಘೂ

</td>

<td>ಘೃ

</td>

<td>ಘೄ

</td>

<td>ಘೆ

</td>

<td>ಘೇ

</td>

<td>ಘೈ

</td>

<td>ಘೊ

</td>

<td>ಘೋ

</td>

<td>ಘೌ

</td>

<td>ಘಂ

</td>

<td>ಘಃ

</td>

<td>ಘ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಙ

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>ಙೄ

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>ಙ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಚ

</td>

<td>ಚಾ

</td>

<td>ಚಿ

</td>

<td>ಚೀ

</td>

<td>ಚು

</td>

<td>ಚೂ

</td>

<td>ಚೃ

</td>

<td>ಚೄ

</td>

<td>ಚೆ

</td>

<td>ಚೇ

</td>

<td>ಚೈ

</td>

<td>ಚೊ

</td>

<td>ಚೋ

</td>

<td>ಚೌ

</td>

<td>ಚಂ

</td>

<td>ಚಃ

</td>

<td>ಚ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಛ

</td>

<td>ಛಾ

</td>

<td>ಛಿ

</td>

<td>ಛೀ

</td>

<td>ಛು

</td>

<td>ಛೂ

</td>

<td>ಛೃ

</td>

<td>ಛೄ

</td>

<td>ಛೆ

</td>

<td>ಛೇ

</td>

<td>ಛೈ

</td>

<td>ಛೊ

</td>

<td>ಛೋ

</td>

<td>ಛೌ

</td>

<td>ಛಂ

</td>

<td>ಛಃ

</td>

<td>ಛ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಜ

</td>

<td>ಜಾ

</td>

<td>ಜಿ

</td>

<td>ಜೀ

</td>

<td>ಜು

</td>

<td>ಜೂ

</td>

<td>ಜೃ

</td>

<td>ಜೄ

</td>

<td>ಜೆ

</td>

<td>ಜೇ

</td>

<td>ಜೈ

</td>

<td>ಜೊ

</td>

<td>ಜೋ

</td>

<td>ಜೌ

</td>

<td>ಜಂ

</td>

<td>ಜಃ

</td>

<td>ಜ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಝ

</td>

<td>ಝಾ

</td>

<td>ಝಿ

</td>

<td>ಝೀ

</td>

<td>ಝು

</td>

<td>ಝೂ

</td>

<td>ಝೃ

</td>

<td>ಝೄ

</td>

<td>ಝೆ

</td>

<td>ಝೇ

</td>

<td>ಝೈ

</td>

<td>ಝೊ

</td>

<td>ಝೋ

</td>

<td>ಝೌ

</td>

<td>ಝಂ

</td>

<td>ಝಃ

</td>

<td>ಝ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಞ

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>ಞೄ

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>ಞ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಟ

</td>

<td>ಟಾ

</td>

<td>ಟಿ

</td>

<td>ಟೀ

</td>

<td>ಟು

</td>

<td>ಟೂ

</td>

<td>ಟೃ

</td>

<td>ಟೄ

</td>

<td>ಟೆ

</td>

<td>ಟೇ

</td>

<td>ಟೈ

</td>

<td>ಟೊ

</td>

<td>ಟೋ

</td>

<td>ಟೌ

</td>

<td>ಟಂ

</td>

<td>ಟಃ

</td>

<td>ಟ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಠ

</td>

<td>ಠಾ

</td>

<td>ಠಿ

</td>

<td>ಠೀ

</td>

<td>ಠು

</td>

<td>ಠೂ

</td>

<td>ಠೃ

</td>

<td>ಠೄ

</td>

<td>ಠೆ

</td>

<td>ಠೇ

</td>

<td>ಠೈ

</td>

<td>ಠೊ

</td>

<td>ಠೋ

</td>

<td>ಠೌ

</td>

<td>ಠಂ

</td>

<td>ಠಃ

</td>

<td>ಠ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಡ

</td>

<td>ಡಾ

</td>

<td>ಡಿ

</td>

<td>ಡೀ

</td>

<td>ಡು

</td>

<td>ಡೂ

</td>

<td>ಡೃ

</td>

<td>ಡೄ

</td>

<td>ಡೆ

</td>

<td>ಡೇ

</td>

<td>ಡೈ

</td>

<td>ಡೊ

</td>

<td>ಡೋ

</td>

<td>ಡೌ

</td>

<td>ಡಂ

</td>

<td>ಡಃ

</td>

<td>ಡ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಢ

</td>

<td>ಢಾ

</td>

<td>ಢಿ

</td>

<td>ಢೀ

</td>

<td>ಢು

</td>

<td>ಢೂ

</td>

<td>ಢೃ

</td>

<td>ಢೄ

</td>

<td>ಢೆ

</td>

<td>ಢೇ

</td>

<td>ಢೈ

</td>

<td>ಢೊ

</td>

<td>ಢೋ

</td>

<td>ಢೌ

</td>

<td>ಢಂ

</td>

<td>ಢಃ

</td>

<td>ಢ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಣ

</td>

<td>ಣಾ

</td>

<td>ಣಿ

</td>

<td>ಣೀ

</td>

<td>ಣು

</td>

<td>ಣೂ

</td>

<td>ಣೃ

</td>

<td>ಣೄ

</td>

<td>ಣೆ

</td>

<td>ಣೇ

</td>

<td>ಣೈ

</td>

<td>ಣೊ

</td>

<td>ಣೋ

</td>

<td>ಣೌ

</td>

<td>ಣಂ

</td>

<td>ಣಃ

</td>

<td>ಣ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ತ

</td>

<td>ತಾ

</td>

<td>ತಿ

</td>

<td>ತೀ

</td>

<td>ತು

</td>

<td>ತೂ

</td>

<td>ತೃ

</td>

<td>ತೄ

</td>

<td>ತೆ

</td>

<td>ತೇ

</td>

<td>ತೈ

</td>

<td>ತೊ

</td>

<td>ತೋ

</td>

<td>ತೌ

</td>

<td>ತಂ

</td>

<td>ತಃ

</td>

<td>ತ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಥ

</td>

<td>ಥಾ

</td>

<td>ಥಿ

</td>

<td>ಥೀ

</td>

<td>ಥು

</td>

<td>ಥೂ

</td>

<td>ಥೃ

</td>

<td>ಥೄ

</td>

<td>ಥೆ

</td>

<td>ಥೇ

</td>

<td>ಥೈ

</td>

<td>ಥೊ

</td>

<td>ಥೋ

</td>

<td>ಥೌ

</td>

<td>ಥಂ

</td>

<td>ಥಃ

</td>

<td>ಥ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ದ

</td>

<td>ದಾ

</td>

<td>ದಿ

</td>

<td>ದೀ

</td>

<td>ದು

</td>

<td>ದೂ

</td>

<td>ದೃ

</td>

<td>ದೄ

</td>

<td>ದೆ

</td>

<td>ದೇ

</td>

<td>ದೈ

</td>

<td>ದೊ

</td>

<td>ದೋ

</td>

<td>ದೌ

</td>

<td>ದಂ

</td>

<td>ದಃ

</td>

<td>ದ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಧ

</td>

<td>ಧಾ

</td>

<td>ಧಿ

</td>

<td>ಧೀ

</td>

<td>ಧು

</td>

<td>ಧೂ

</td>

<td>ಧೃ

</td>

<td>ಧೄ

</td>

<td>ಧೆ

</td>

<td>ಧೇ

</td>

<td>ಧೈ

</td>

<td>ಧೊ

</td>

<td>ಧೋ

</td>

<td>ಧೌ

</td>

<td>ಧಂ

</td>

<td>ಧಃ

</td>

<td>ಧ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ನ

</td>

<td>ನಾ

</td>

<td>ನಿ

</td>

<td>ನೀ

</td>

<td>ನು

</td>

<td>ನೂ

</td>

<td>ನೃ

</td>

<td>ನೄ

</td>

<td>ನೆ

</td>

<td>ನೇ

</td>

<td>ನೈ

</td>

<td>ನೊ

</td>

<td>ನೋ

</td>

<td>ನೌ

</td>

<td>ನಂ

</td>

<td>ನಃ

</td>

<td>ನ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಪ

</td>

<td>ಪಾ

</td>

<td>ಪಿ

</td>

<td>ಪೀ

</td>

<td>ಪು

</td>

<td>ಪೂ

</td>

<td>ಪೃ

</td>

<td>ಪೄ

</td>

<td>ಪೆ

</td>

<td>ಪೇ

</td>

<td>ಪೈ

</td>

<td>ಪೊ

</td>

<td>ಪೋ

</td>

<td>ಪೌ

</td>

<td>ಪಂ

</td>

<td>ಪಃ

</td>

<td>ಪ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಫ

</td>

<td>ಫಾ

</td>

<td>ಫಿ

</td>

<td>ಫೀ

</td>

<td>ಫು

</td>

<td>ಫೂ

</td>

<td>ಫೃ

</td>

<td>ಫೄ

</td>

<td>ಫೆ

</td>

<td>ಫೇ

</td>

<td>ಫೈ

</td>

<td>ಫೊ

</td>

<td>ಫೋ

</td>

<td>ಫೌ

</td>

<td>ಫಂ

</td>

<td>ಫಃ

</td>

<td>ಫ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಬ

</td>

<td>ಬಾ

</td>

<td>ಬಿ

</td>

<td>ಬೀ

</td>

<td>ಬು

</td>

<td>ಬೂ

</td>

<td>ಬೃ

</td>

<td>ಬೄ

</td>

<td>ಬೆ

</td>

<td>ಬೇ

</td>

<td>ಬೈ

</td>

<td>ಬೊ

</td>

<td>ಬೋ

</td>

<td>ಬೌ

</td>

<td>ಬಂ

</td>

<td>ಬಃ

</td>

<td>ಬ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಭ

</td>

<td>ಭಾ

</td>

<td>ಭಿ

</td>

<td>ಭೀ

</td>

<td>ಭು

</td>

<td>ಭೂ

</td>

<td>ಭೃ

</td>

<td>ಭೄ

</td>

<td>ಭೆ

</td>

<td>ಭೇ

</td>

<td>ಭೈ

</td>

<td>ಭೊ

</td>

<td>ಭೋ

</td>

<td>ಭೌ

</td>

<td>ಭಂ

</td>

<td>ಭಃ

</td>

<td>ಭ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಮ

</td>

<td>ಮಾ

</td>

<td>ಮಿ

</td>

<td>ಮೀ

</td>

<td>ಮು

</td>

<td>ಮೂ

</td>

<td>ಮೃ

</td>

<td>ಮೄ

</td>

<td>ಮೆ

</td>

<td>ಮೇ

</td>

<td>ಮೈ

</td>

<td>ಮೊ

</td>

<td>ಮೋ

</td>

<td>ಮೌ

</td>

<td>ಮಂ

</td>

<td>ಮಃ

</td>

<td>ಮ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಯ

</td>

<td>ಯಾ

</td>

<td>ಯಿ

</td>

<td>ಯೀ

</td>

<td>ಯು

</td>

<td>ಯೂ

</td>

<td>ಯೃ

</td>

<td>ಯೄ

</td>

<td>ಯೆ

</td>

<td>ಯೇ

</td>

<td>ಯೈ

</td>

<td>ಯೊ

</td>

<td>ಯೋ

</td>

<td>ಯೌ

</td>

<td>ಯಂ

</td>

<td>ಯಃ

</td>

<td>ಯ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ರ

</td>

<td>ರಾ

</td>

<td>ರಿ

</td>

<td>ರೀ

</td>

<td>ರು

</td>

<td>ರೂ

</td>

<td>ರೃ

</td>

<td>ರೄ

</td>

<td>ರೆ

</td>

<td>ರೇ

</td>

<td>ರೈ

</td>

<td>ರೊ

</td>

<td>ರೋ

</td>

<td>ರೌ

</td>

<td>ರಂ

</td>

<td>ರಃ

</td>

<td>ರ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಱ

</td>

<td>ಱಾ

</td>

<td>ಱಿ

</td>

<td>ಱೀ

</td>

<td>ಱು

</td>

<td>ಱೂ

</td>

<td>ಱೃ

</td>

<td>ಱೄ

</td>

<td>ಱೆ

</td>

<td>ಱೇ

</td>

<td>ಱೈ

</td>

<td>ಱೊ

</td>

<td>ಱೋ

</td>

<td>ಱೌ

</td>

<td>ಱಂ

</td>

<td>ಱಃ

</td>

<td>ಱ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಲ

</td>

<td>ಲಾ

</td>

<td>ಲಿ

</td>

<td>ಲೀ

</td>

<td>ಲು

</td>

<td>ಲೂ

</td>

<td>ಲೃ

</td>

<td>ಲೄ

</td>

<td>ಲೆ

</td>

<td>ಲೇ

</td>

<td>ಲೈ

</td>

<td>ಲೊ

</td>

<td>ಲೋ

</td>

<td>ಲೌ

</td>

<td>ಲಂ

</td>

<td>ಲಃ

</td>

<td>ಲ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ವ

</td>

<td>ವಾ

</td>

<td>ವಿ

</td>

<td>ವೀ

</td>

<td>ವು

</td>

<td>ವೂ

</td>

<td>ವೃ

</td>

<td>ವೄ

</td>

<td>ವೆ

</td>

<td>ವೇ

</td>

<td>ವೈ

</td>

<td>ವೊ

</td>

<td>ವೋ

</td>

<td>ವೌ

</td>

<td>ವಂ

</td>

<td>ವಃ

</td>

<td>ವ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಶ

</td>

<td>ಶಾ

</td>

<td>ಶಿ

</td>

<td>ಶೀ

</td>

<td>ಶು

</td>

<td>ಶೂ

</td>

<td>ಶೃ

</td>

<td>ಶೄ

</td>

<td>ಶೆ

</td>

<td>ಶೇ

</td>

<td>ಶೈ

</td>

<td>ಶೊ

</td>

<td>ಶೋ

</td>

<td>ಶೌ

</td>

<td>ಶಂ

</td>

<td>ಶಃ

</td>

<td>ಶ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಷ

</td>

<td>ಷಾ

</td>

<td>ಷಿ

</td>

<td>ಷೀ

</td>

<td>ಷು

</td>

<td>ಷೂ

</td>

<td>ಷೃ

</td>

<td>ಷೄ

</td>

<td>ಷೆ

</td>

<td>ಷೇ

</td>

<td>ಷೈ

</td>

<td>ಷೊ

</td>

<td>ಷೋ

</td>

<td>ಷೌ

</td>

<td>ಷಂ

</td>

<td>ಷಃ

</td>

<td>ಷ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಸ

</td>

<td>ಸಾ

</td>

<td>ಸಿ

</td>

<td>ಸೀ

</td>

<td>ಸು

</td>

<td>ಸೂ

</td>

<td>ಸೃ

</td>

<td>ಸೄ

</td>

<td>ಸೆ

</td>

<td>ಸೇ

</td>

<td>ಸೈ

</td>

<td>ಸೊ

</td>

<td>ಸೋ

</td>

<td>ಸೌ

</td>

<td>ಸಂ

</td>

<td>ಸಃ

</td>

<td>ಸ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಹ

</td>

<td>ಹಾ

</td>

<td>ಹಿ

</td>

<td>ಹೀ

</td>

<td>ಹು

</td>

<td>ಹೂ

</td>

<td>ಹೃ

</td>

<td>ಹೄ

</td>

<td>ಹೆ

</td>

<td>ಹೇ

</td>

<td>ಹೈ

</td>

<td>ಹೊ

</td>

<td>ಹೋ

</td>

<td>ಹೌ

</td>

<td>ಹಂ

</td>

<td>ಹಃ

</td>

<td>ಹ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ಳ

</td>

<td>ಳಾ

</td>

<td>ಳಿ

</td>

<td>ಳೀ

</td>

<td>ಳು

</td>

<td>ಳೂ

</td>

<td>ಳೃ

</td>

<td>ಳೄ

</td>

<td>ಳೆ

</td>

<td>ಳೇ

</td>

<td>ಳೈ

</td>

<td>ಳೊ

</td>

<td>ಳೋ

</td>

<td>ಳೌ

</td>

<td>ಳಂ

</td>

<td>ಳಃ

</td>

<td>ಳ್

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ೞ

</td>

<td>ೞಾ

</td>

<td>ೞಿ

</td>

<td>ೞೀ

</td>

<td>ೞು

</td>

<td>ೞೂ

</td>

<td>ೞೃ

</td>

<td>ೞೄ

</td>

<td>ೞೆ

</td>

<td>ೞೇ

</td>

<td>ೞೈ

</td>

<td>ೞೊ

</td>

<td>ೞೋ

</td>

<td>ೞೌ

</td>

<td>ೞಂ

</td>

<td>ೞಃ

</td>

<td>ೞ್

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The formations shown <b>boldface</b> above are seldom used.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numerals">Numerals</h2></div>

<p>The decimal numerals in the script are:

</p>

<caption>Kannada numerals

</caption>

<td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">0<br>sonne</div><div class="template-letter-char"><span style="font-size:150%;">೦</span></div>

</td>

</td>

<td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">2<br>eraḍu</div><div class="template-letter-char"><span style="font-size:150%;">೨</span></div>

</td>

</td>

<td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">4<br>nālku</div><div class="template-letter-char"><span style="font-size:150%;">೪</span></div>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">9<br>oṃbattu</div><div class="template-letter-char"><span style="font-size:150%;">೯</span></div>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transliteration">Transliteration</h2></div>

<p>Several <a href="Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> schemes/tools are used to type Kannada characters using a standard keyboard. These include <a href="Baraha" title="Baraha">Baraha</a><sup id="cite_ref-baraha_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baraha-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (based on <a href="ITRANS" title="ITRANS">ITRANS</a>), Pada Software<sup id="cite_ref-pada_software_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pada_software-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and several internet tools like Google transliteration, Quillpad<sup id="cite_ref-Quillpad_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quillpad-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (predictive transliterator). <a href="Nudi_(software)" title="Nudi (software)">Nudi</a>, the Government of Karnataka's standard for Kannada Input, is a phonetic layout loosely based on transliteration.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div>

<p>Due to its resemblance to an eye and an eyebrow, the Kannada letter <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಠ</span></span> <i>ṭha</i> is used in the "look of disapproval" (displayed as "ಠ_ಠ"), a popular <a href="Emoticon" title="Emoticon">emoticon</a> used to convey disapproval or contempt.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the akshara <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ರೃ</span></span> <i>rr̥a</i> has been used in emoticons to represent a monocle, while <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಥ</span></span> <i>tha</i> has been used to represent a tearing eye.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Kannada_(Unicode_block)" title="Kannada (Unicode block)">Kannada (Unicode block)</a></div>

<p>Kannada script was added to the <a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard in October 1991 with the release of version 1.0.

</p><p>The Unicode block for Kannada is U+0C80–U+0CFF:

</p>

<td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="Kannada_(Unicode_block)" title="Kannada (Unicode block)">Kannada</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}

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</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U0C80_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U0C80_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U0C80_grey"><a href="#endnote_U0C80_grey">[2]</a></sup><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C80.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF)

</td></tr>

<td style="width:20pt">F

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+0C8x

</td>

<td title="U+0C80: KANNADA SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU">ಀ

</td>

<td title="U+0C81: KANNADA SIGN CANDRABINDU">ಁ

</td>

<td title="U+0C82: KANNADA SIGN ANUSVARA">ಂ

</td>

<td title="U+0C83: KANNADA SIGN VISARGA">ಃ

</td>

<td title="U+0C84: KANNADA SIGN SIDDHAM">಄

</td>

<td title="U+0C85: KANNADA LETTER A">ಅ

</td>

<td title="U+0C86: KANNADA LETTER AA">ಆ

</td>

<td title="U+0C87: KANNADA LETTER I">ಇ

</td>

<td title="U+0C88: KANNADA LETTER II">ಈ

</td>

<td title="U+0C89: KANNADA LETTER U">ಉ

</td>

<td title="U+0C8A: KANNADA LETTER UU">ಊ

</td>

<td title="U+0C8B: KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC R">ಋ

</td>

<td title="U+0C8C: KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC L">ಌ

</td>

</td>

<td title="U+0C8E: KANNADA LETTER E">ಎ

</td>

<td title="U+0C8F: KANNADA LETTER EE">ಏ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+0C9x

</td>

<td title="U+0C90: KANNADA LETTER AI">ಐ

</td>

</td>

<td title="U+0C92: KANNADA LETTER O">ಒ

</td>

<td title="U+0C93: KANNADA LETTER OO">ಓ

</td>

<td title="U+0C94: KANNADA LETTER AU">ಔ

</td>

<td title="U+0C95: KANNADA LETTER KA">ಕ

</td>

<td title="U+0C96: KANNADA LETTER KHA">ಖ

</td>

<td title="U+0C97: KANNADA LETTER GA">ಗ

</td>

<td title="U+0C98: KANNADA LETTER GHA">ಘ

</td>

<td title="U+0C99: KANNADA LETTER NGA">ಙ

</td>

<td title="U+0C9A: KANNADA LETTER CA">ಚ

</td>

<td title="U+0C9B: KANNADA LETTER CHA">ಛ

</td>

<td title="U+0C9C: KANNADA LETTER JA">ಜ

</td>

<td title="U+0C9D: KANNADA LETTER JHA">ಝ

</td>

<td title="U+0C9E: KANNADA LETTER NYA">ಞ

</td>

<td title="U+0C9F: KANNADA LETTER TTA">ಟ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+0CAx

</td>

<td title="U+0CA0: KANNADA LETTER TTHA">ಠ

</td>

<td title="U+0CA1: KANNADA LETTER DDA">ಡ

</td>

<td title="U+0CA2: KANNADA LETTER DDHA">ಢ

</td>

<td title="U+0CA3: KANNADA LETTER NNA">ಣ

</td>

<td title="U+0CA4: KANNADA LETTER TA">ತ

</td>

<td title="U+0CA5: KANNADA LETTER THA">ಥ

</td>

<td title="U+0CA6: KANNADA LETTER DA">ದ

</td>

<td title="U+0CA7: KANNADA LETTER DHA">ಧ

</td>

<td title="U+0CA8: KANNADA LETTER NA">ನ

</td>

</td>

<td title="U+0CAA: KANNADA LETTER PA">ಪ

</td>

<td title="U+0CAB: KANNADA LETTER PHA">ಫ

</td>

<td title="U+0CAC: KANNADA LETTER BA">ಬ

</td>

<td title="U+0CAD: KANNADA LETTER BHA">ಭ

</td>

<td title="U+0CAE: KANNADA LETTER MA">ಮ

</td>

<td title="U+0CAF: KANNADA LETTER YA">ಯ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+0CBx

</td>

<td title="U+0CB0: KANNADA LETTER RA">ರ

</td>

<td title="U+0CB1: KANNADA LETTER RRA">ಱ

</td>

<td title="U+0CB2: KANNADA LETTER LA">ಲ

</td>

<td title="U+0CB3: KANNADA LETTER LLA">ಳ

</td>

</td>

<td title="U+0CB5: KANNADA LETTER VA">ವ

</td>

<td title="U+0CB6: KANNADA LETTER SHA">ಶ

</td>

<td title="U+0CB7: KANNADA LETTER SSA">ಷ

</td>

<td title="U+0CB8: KANNADA LETTER SA">ಸ

</td>

<td title="U+0CB9: KANNADA LETTER HA">ಹ

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td title="U+0CBC: KANNADA SIGN NUKTA">಼

</td>

<td title="U+0CBD: KANNADA SIGN AVAGRAHA">ಽ

</td>

<td title="U+0CBE: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AA">ಾ

</td>

<td title="U+0CBF: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN I">ಿ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+0CCx

</td>

<td title="U+0CC0: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN II">ೀ

</td>

<td title="U+0CC1: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN U">ು

</td>

<td title="U+0CC2: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN UU">ೂ

</td>

<td title="U+0CC3: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R">ೃ

</td>

<td title="U+0CC4: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR">ೄ

</td>

</td>

<td title="U+0CC6: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN E">ೆ

</td>

<td title="U+0CC7: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN EE">ೇ

</td>

<td title="U+0CC8: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AI">ೈ

</td>

</td>

<td title="U+0CCA: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN O">ೊ

</td>

<td title="U+0CCB: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN OO">ೋ

</td>

<td title="U+0CCC: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AU">ೌ

</td>

<td title="U+0CCD: KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA">್

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+0CDx

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td title="U+0CD5: KANNADA LENGTH MARK">ೕ

</td>

<td title="U+0CD6: KANNADA AI LENGTH MARK">ೖ

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td title="U+0CDD: KANNADA LETTER NAKAARA POLLU">ೝ

</td>

<td title="U+0CDE: KANNADA LETTER FA (alias KANNADA LETTER LLLA)">ೞ

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+0CEx

</td>

<td title="U+0CE0: KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC RR">ೠ

</td>

<td title="U+0CE1: KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC LL">ೡ

</td>

<td title="U+0CE2: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L">ೢ

</td>

<td title="U+0CE3: KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL">ೣ

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td title="U+0CE6: KANNADA DIGIT ZERO">೦

</td>

<td title="U+0CE7: KANNADA DIGIT ONE">೧

</td>

<td title="U+0CE8: KANNADA DIGIT TWO">೨

</td>

<td title="U+0CE9: KANNADA DIGIT THREE">೩

</td>

<td title="U+0CEA: KANNADA DIGIT FOUR">೪

</td>

<td title="U+0CEB: KANNADA DIGIT FIVE">೫

</td>

<td title="U+0CEC: KANNADA DIGIT SIX">೬

</td>

<td title="U+0CED: KANNADA DIGIT SEVEN">೭

</td>

<td title="U+0CEE: KANNADA DIGIT EIGHT">೮

</td>

<td title="U+0CEF: KANNADA DIGIT NINE">೯

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+0CFx

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td title="U+0CF3: KANNADA SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE RIGHT">ೳ

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b>

<dl><dd>1.<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U0C80_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U0C80_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd>

<dd>2.<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U0C80_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U0C80_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

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</style><div class="div-col">

<ul><li><a href="Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu script</a></li>

<li><a href="Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu script</a></li>

<li><a href="Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada Braille</a></li>

<li><a href="Kannada_grammar" title="Kannada grammar">Kannada grammar</a></li>

<li><a href="Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada literature</a></li>

<li><a href="Kannada_poetry" title="Kannada poetry">Kannada poetry</a></li>

<li><a href="Official_script" title="Official script">Official script</a></li>

<li><a href="Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu script</a></li>

<li><a href="Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha script</a></li>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/shivamogga-engraving-shows-kannada-was-in-use-7-decades-earlier-than-known/articleshow/60269034.cms">"Shivamogga engraving shows Kannada was in use 7 decades earlier than known"</a>. 29 August 2017.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://karnatakaitihasaacademy.org/evolution-of-kannada-script/">"Kannada Language"</a>. 12 March 2017.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-goy-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-goy_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGhantkar1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ghantkar, Gajanana (1993). <i>History of Goa through Gõykanadi script</i> (in English, Konkani, Marathi, and Kannada). pp. Page x.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1997" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, George L. (6 November 1997). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/routledgehandboo00camp"><i>Handbook of scripts and alphabets</i></a></span> (1st ed.). <a href="Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <a href="New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/routledgehandboo00camp/page/n47">84</a>–5. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-415-13715-7</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/34473667">34473667</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-konkani1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-konkani1_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCardonaJain2007" class="citation book cs1">Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (2007). <i>The Indo-Aryan Languages</i>. Routledge. pp. 804, 805. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-415-77294-5</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHebbiMamathaSahanaDhage2020" class="citation journal cs1">Hebbi, Chandravva; Mamatha, H. R.; Sahana, Y. S.; Dhage, Sagar; Somayaji, Shriram (2020). Singh, Pradeep Kumar; Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan; Suryadevara, Nagender Kumar; Sharma, Sudhir Kumar; Singh, Amit Prakash (eds.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-30577-2_26">"A Convolution Neural Networks Based Character and Word Recognition System for Similar Script Languages Kannada and Telugu"</a></span>. <i>Proceedings of ICETIT 2019</i>. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing: <span class="nowrap">306–</span>317. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-30577-2_26">10.1007/978-3-030-30577-2_26</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-030-30577-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918013724/http://atla.com/tsig/Foreign_Lang_presentation/files2/9_22SinhalaRomanization.pdf">"Romanization, Sinhala (Sinhalese) Script"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. KAMALAKAR. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atla.com/tsig/Foreign_Lang_presentation/files2/9_22SinhalaRomanization.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientscripts.com/sinhala.html">"Ancient scripts, hala"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202163236/http://www.bhaavana.net/telusa/jan96/0155.html">"Telugu & Sinhalese script similarities"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bhaavana.net/telusa/jan96/0155.html">the original</a> on 2 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zinglanguages.com/kannada-language/">"Kannada Language - 56.9 Million Speakers | Amazing Facts"</a>. 21 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-F._Kittel,_A_Grammar_of_the_Kannada_Language,_p_5-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-F._Kittel,_A_Grammar_of_the_Kannada_Language,_p_5_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Grammar of the Kannada Language.</i> F. Kittel (1993), p. 5</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThakur2017" class="citation news cs1">Thakur, Aksheev (28 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/281017/how-king-ashoka-scripted-kannada-to-glory.html">"How king Ashoka scripted Kannada to glory"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://language.census.gov.in/map/data/viewFlipBook?book_type=Atlas&folder_name=2011&title=Language%20Atlas%202011#page/54/mode/1up"><i>Language Atlas of India 2011</i></a>. April 2022.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bangaloreliteraturefestival.org/history-kannada-script-language/">"History of the Kannada Script and Language"</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNew_Delhi1965" class="citation book cs1">New Delhi, All India Radio (15 August 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/AKASHVANI/ie7zDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Telugu-Kannada+chalukyas&pg=PA4&printsec=frontcover"><i>AKASHVANI Vol. XXX, No. 33 ( 15 AUGUST, 1965 )</i></a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kannada-language">"Encyclopedia Britannica"</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDiringer1948" class="citation book cs1">Diringer, David (1948). <i>Alphabet a key to the history of mankind</i>. p. 381.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-epigraphy-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-epigraphy_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Indian Epigraphy: a guide to the study of inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan languages, by Richard Solomon, Oxford University Press, 1998, p.41, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-19-509984-2</bdi></span>

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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFR1934" class="citation book cs1">R, Narasimhacharya (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/HistoryKannadaLanguage/page/n61/mode/1up?view=theater"><i>History of Kannada Language</i></a>. p. 50.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad1983" class="citation book cs1">Ahmad, Qeyamuddin (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/india-by-al-biruni-qeyamuddin-ahmad/page/n27/mode/1up?view=theater"><i>India by Al-Biruni</i></a>. p. 30.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Unicode-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unicode_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSrinatha_Sastry" class="citation web cs1">Srinatha Sastry, C. V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03068-kannada.pdf">"UNICODE for Kannada, General Information & Description"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>UNICODE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1">"12.8 Kannada". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.0.0/ch12.pdf#G701836"><i>The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Mountain View, CA: Unicode, Inc. September 2022.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-baraha-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-baraha_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baraha.com/">"Baraha – Free Indian Language Software"</a>. baraha.com.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-pada_software-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pada_software_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pada.pro/">"Pada Software – For Indic Scripts"</a>. pada.pro.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Quillpad-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Quillpad_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081104021158/http://quillpad.in/kannada/">"QuillPad – Typing in Kannada has never been easier"</a>. Quillpad.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quillpad.in/kannada">the original</a> on 4 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maximumpc.com/article/features/browser_extension_week_look_disapproval">"Browser Extension of the Week: Look of Disapproval"</a>. <i>Pcgamer</i>. Maximum PC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<ul><li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130309020119/http://www.unicode.org/book/ch09.pdf">"The Unicode Book: Chapter 9"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/book/ch09.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(634 KB)</span> — South and Southeast Asian Scripts</li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C80.pdf">"The Unicode Standard 5.0"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite> — Kannada Code Chart <span style="font-size: 85%;">(111 KB)</span></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/kannada.htm">Kannada alphabet</a> — From Omniglot</li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kannada_language20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kannada_language20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> language</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kannada_dialects" title="Kannada dialects">Kannada dialects</a></li>

<li><a href="Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada literature</a></li>

<li><a href="Kannada_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada alphabet">Kannada alphabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Cinema_of_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Karnataka">Cinema of Karnataka</a></li>

<li><a href="Kannada_poetry" title="Kannada poetry">Kannada poetry</a></li>

<li><a href="Kannada_Sahitya_Parishat" title="Kannada Sahitya Parishat">Kannada Saahithya Parishath</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li>

<li><a href="Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a>

<ul><li><a href="Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Languages by writing system / <a href="List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li>

<li><a href="Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li>

<li><a href="Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li>

<li><a href="Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li>

<li><a href="Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li>

<li><a href="Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li>

<li><a href="Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a>

<li><a href="Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li>

<li><a href="Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li>

<li><a href="Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a>

<ul><li><a href="Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li>

<li><a href="Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li>

<li><a href="Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li>

<li><a href="Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a>

<ul><li><a href="Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li>

<li><a href="Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li>

<li><a href="Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li>

<li><a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li>

<li><a href="Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li>

<li><a href="Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li>

<li><a href="Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li>

<li><a href="Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li>

<li><a href="Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li>

<li><a href="Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li>

<li><a href="Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li>

<li><a href="La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li>

<li><a href="Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li>

<li><a href="Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li>

<li><a href="Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li>

<li><a href="N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Newari_scripts" title="Newari scripts">Nepalese scripts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li>

<li>Golmol</li>

<li>Himmol</li>

<li>Kummol</li>

<li>Kvemmol</li>

<li>Pachumol</li>

<li><a href="Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li>

<li><a href="Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li>

<li><a href="Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li>

<li><a href="Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li>

<li><a href="Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li>

<li><a href="Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li>

<li><a href="Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li>

<li><a href="Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li>

<li><a href="Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li>

<li><a href="Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li>

<li><a href="Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li>

<li><a href="Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li>

<li><a href="Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li>

<li><a href="Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li>

<li><a href="Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li>

<li><a href="Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li>

<li><a href="Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li>

<li><a href="S'gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li>

<li><a href="Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a>

<li><a href="Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li>

<li><a href="Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li>

<li><a href="Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li>

<li><a href="Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li>

<li><a href="Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li>

<li><a href="Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li>

<li><a href="Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li>

<li><a href="Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li>

<li><a href="Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li>

<li><a href="Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li>

<li><a href="Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li>

<li><a href="Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li>